Mu myaka ya vuba, uguhingura ibifungurwa vyo mu mazi vy’Ubushinwa vyarateye imbere cane, kandi ibifungurwa vy’agaciro vy’agaciro vy’agaciro vy’agaciro vyarateye imbere cane. Muri izo nzira zidasanzwe zo mu mazi, amapellet yashizwemwo amavuta yasohotse ni yo yacitse uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora. Kuva imirongo y'uguhingura yasohotse .Imashini y’ibifungurwa vy’amafi yagutseni ahanini mu myaka iheze, cane cane ubuhinga bwo kugenzura uko ibintu vyifashe mu bijanye n’ugusohoka kw’ibintu biva mu mazi atari vyiza, abahinguzi benshi b’ibifungurwa bo mu gihugu baracariko barakora ubuhinga bwo gukora n’ibiranga ubuhinga bwo gukora ibifungurwa vyo mu mazi yagutse.
Kandi inzira y’iterambere, rero uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu biva ku bahinga batandukanye buzogira itandukaniro rikomeye. Mbere n’uburyo bw’ibintu bimwe bimwe biva ku muhinguzi umwe mu bice bitandukanye bishobora guhinduka cane. Nta n’ikimenyamenya c’uko ibiranga umubiri bizoba bikomeye. Inyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’ubumenyi mu bikorwa vyo guhingura. Birumvikana ko muri rusangi ibikoresho bikomeye bifise utunenge dukurikira mu gihe co gukora:
Imashini y’ibifungurwa vy’amafi yagutse
1) Ingano y’ibice bimwe bimwe n’uburebure butaringaniye;
2) Hariho utuvungukira twinshi muri ico gice;
3) uguhinduka kw’ibice;
4) ubukomezi budahagije;
5) Ico gice gifise ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi bubi n’uburemere bw’amazi bubi;
6) Indwara y’intete si nziza kandi ntiyigira;
7) Ivyimburwa si vyinshi;
8) Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bifise amazi asukuwe;
9) Ama granules ni manini kandi ni mato;
10) ivyo bihimba bikora igishushanyo c’ivyuma bibiri;
11) Ivyo bitambaro bifise umurizo;
12) Gutemba ku ruhande rw’ibihimba.
Inyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’ubumenyi mu bikorwa vyo guhingura ibintu, umwanditsi avuga mu ncamake ingorane zimwezimwe zikunda kubaho mu gutunganya ibikoresho vyagutse, kandi agatanga inyishu zihuye n’ivyo.
Imashini y’ibifungurwa vy’amafi yagutse
1. Ingano y'ibice bimwe bimwe n'uburebure butaringaniye
Ivyokurya vy’ibifungurwa biratandukanye mu bunini no mu burebure, ivyo bikaba bitagira ico bikoze gusa ku bijanye n’ubwiza bw’ivyo kurya, ariko kandi bigira ico bikoze ku kudahuza kw’igihe co gutera imbere n’igihe co guhangana n’amazi, bikavamwo imyanda idakenewe. Ikindi, bizoca biba kandi urwitwazo rw’abarimyi kugira ngo bidodombe.
Impamvu yo gutera imbereImashini y’ibifungurwa vy’amafi yagutse
Ivyo gufungura vy’akarorero ntibibereye.
Ivyo kurya ntibihuye, kandi uburyo bwo kugaburira burasukurwa kandi bugahindurwa igihe kirekire. Ico gikoresho co gutera urudodo congerwako kugira ngo kibe kigizwe n’umwete.
Umwotsi utari uw’umwotsi w’umwotsi w’umwotsi, uhindure aho umwotsi wongerako, n’ibintu vyinshi, ugire mbere n’
Amazi atagiramwo imbere y’igihe yo kwongerako amazi, n’ibindi vyinshi, n’ugire mbere n’
Kugera ku rugero rwo hejuru rwo guhindura ubumwe
Ibintu vy'ugufunga
Itandukaniro ry'ugufungura umwobo ni rinini cane
2, ibihimba vyinshi n'ibinogo
Hariho stromata nyinshi mu bipimo vy’amazi, kandi uruhande rw’ibintu bikomeye ntirugira ico rukoze gusa ku kuntu ivyo bifungurwa ziboneka, ariko kandi n’ivyo kurya bishobora gusenyuka bitagoranye mu gihe co gutwara abantu, bigatuma habaho imyanda idakenewe. Ntivyoroshe kurohama mu gihe co kugaburira kandi gifise umwanya muremure ureremba.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Igiharuro co kwagura ibice ni kinini cane. Guhindura ubukonje n’ubushuhe hamwe n’umukazo wo kugabanya igitigiri c’ukwaguka.
Ibirimwo vy'imisemburo mike muri formule, ukwiyongera kw'ibirimwo
Uburebure bw'ibara ry'agahama ni co kintu gikomeye
Ububare burenze urugero mu bubi, kugabanya ubukonje buri mu gitereko .
Ububiko bw’ico gikoresho ntiburyoshe. Subirizaho ububi.
3, uguhinduka kw'ibice ntikuzunguruka
Uguhinduka kw’ibihimba bishobora kuba biterwa n’uguhinduka kw’ibinogo vy’urupfu canke biterwa n’ubukonje burenze urugero, bukaba bumenetse kandi bugacika mu gihe c’ugushikiriza. Ku bw’ivyo, ni vyiza gukoresha mu gutanga igipimo kugira ngo umuntu abone ibifungurwa vy’ubushuhe bwinshi gusa biva mu gitereko, kugira ngo ntihagire uruhande rw’igihimba c’umubiri rushobora gusa gukorwa mu gice c’impuzu y’ivyuma, ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama bishobora gusenyuka, kandi ukuntu igihimba c’umubiri gishobora gukikuza. Ariko rero, mu gihe c’ugutwara abantu n’ibintu, ubukonje bw’ivyo bihimba buraremereye cane kandi burakeneye kwuma vuba bishoboka. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri ntibiva kure, bikaba bituma habaho ubunini bw’ibice butaringaniye, ivyo bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku bushobozi bwavyo.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Ububare bw’amazi burarengeye, bugabanya ubukonje mu gihe c’ugusohoka kw’ububi
Igipande c’inyuma c’igipfukisho c’igitereko ni gito cane.
Umushitsi arafatwa cane kugira ngo agabanye umukazo w'umushitsi
Umuvuduko w’uguca ni mwinshi cane. Wongere umubare w’amatiro no kugabanya umuvuduko wo gukata.
Ivyuma vy’inyuma n’ibintu bikomeye birakorwako kandi bikajanwa incuro nyinshi, bikagabanya igitigiri c’ugukorana hagati y’ibihimba vy’umubiri vyoroshe n’ibintu bikomeye n’umuvuduko.
Imbere y’uko ivyo bihimba bidashirwaho, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kwumisha cane.
Igitigiri c'ukwaguka birenze urugero, kugabanya umubare w'ukwaguka
Ihinduka ry'umwobo w'ikarita Subiriza ububiko bubereye
4, ugukomera kw'ibice ntibihagije
Ubukomezi bwo gufungura ni ukudashobora guhangana n’uguhinduka kw’ibintu bitewe n’umukazo wo hanze. Ugukomera kw’ibifungurwa bihagije birashobora gutuma ibifungurwa bihinduka mu gihe co gufata imiti, gutyo bikagira ico bikoze ku kuntu ivyo kurya bisa. Bituma ivyo bifungurwa bica mu mazi imbere y’uko biribwa. Bishobora kandi kuba amazi menshi cane. Ivyo bifungurwa ntivyoroha kubika kandi birakunda gushavura.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubukonje hagati y’imbere n’inyuma y’igitereko ni rinini.
Ubushuhe bwinshi butera igihe co kwuma
Ubutobe bwinshi bw'amazi buragabanya ubukonje bw'ibihimba .
Ibirimwo vy'imisemburo bidahagije, ukwiyongera kw'ibintu vy'imisemburo mu nzira
5, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi y’ibice si bwiza, ubukerebutsi bubi
Uguhangana n’amazi y’ivyo bifungurwa ni ubushobozi bw’ibifungurwa bwo kunanira ugusenyuka kw’amazi, kandi akenshi bigaragazwa nk’igipimo c’ugutakaza kw’ibifungurwa mu mazi mu bihe vyategekanijwe. Amazi maremare y’ivyo bifungurwa arashobora gutuma ivyo bifungurwa bimenagura mu mazi imbere y’uko biribwa, bikazana imyanda idakenewe kandi igahumanya amazi. Ugushikama mbi bituma ivyo bifungurwa bishobora gushika nabi.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Igitigiri c'ukwaguka birenze urugero kigabanya igitigiri c'ukwaguka
Ivyokurya vy'ifu bifise ifu, ifu y'ifu y'ifu yongera .
Ibirimwo ibinure bidahagije Kwongerera ibirimwo ibiri mu nzira
Ubushuhe bwo kwumisha burakomeye cane, uburebure bw’ubutaka burahinduka, igiti gitetswe kiragabanywa, ubushuhe bwo kwumisha buragabanywa, kandi igihe co kwuma kiramba.
6, ugutera intete si ikintu ciza, akanwa k'ubusa .
Ivyo bifungurwa biva mu bihimba vy’umubiri bikwiye gucirwa mu bihimba vy’ubunini buringaniye, mu bihimba vy’umubiri bitagira amababa kandi bifise uguhinduka, bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku kuntu iyo mfungurwa iboneka. Muri rusangi, uguhindura igicapo n’igikoresho co guca ibice ntaco bimaze, kandi bishobora kuba biterwa n’ibintu vyinshi bigaburirwa.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Umuvuduko w’ugucererwa urateba cane. Kugabanya igitigiri c’inkota z’ugukata maze wongere umuvuduko w’ivyuma.
Amafaranga yo kugaburira ni menshi cane, agabanya igitigiri c'ibifungurwa
Guhindura ata co bimaze kw’igikoresho co gucapura, guhindura igikoresho co guca umutsi w’ico gikoresho kugira ngo gihure hafi y’igitereko .
7, igipimo co kwagura ibice ntikirengeye .
Ivyo bifungurwa birakomeye cane kandi amazi arasenyuka igihe kirekire cane, ivyo bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku buryo bwo gutera no gufata ibiribwa. Ingero nyinshi z’ibirungo vy’amaraso zigabanya ukuvyimba, kandi iyo ibinure biri hagati ya 17 na 22%, igicuruzwa ntigitera canke ngo kigure. Igitigiri c’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri kizotuma ivyo bihimba bireremba mu mazi mu kiringo gito maze bikaroha mu mazi mu mazi, bikaba bituma imyanda idakenewe.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Igitigiri c’ugufungura ububiko ni kinini cane. Subirizaho ububi bubereye.
Ibirimwo vy’imisemburo mike mu bintu. Guhindura formule kugira ngo wongeremwo ibirimwo.
Ubukonje buri mu gitereko ni buke cane canke burareba cane. Guhindura urushinge rw’umwotsi n’amazi kugira ngo bibe vyiza.
Igitigiri c'ibifungurwa bike, umusaruro muto, umuvuduko wongereweko
Umukazo mutoyi w’ibikoko, ugutera imbere kw’umukazo igihe ikibumbano kirekuwe .
Ubushuhe buke, ubushuhe bwinshi
Ivyo bintu birimwo ibinure vyinshi cane kugira ngo bigabanye ibinure biri muri ivyo bintu.
8, ivyo bihimba birafise amazi menshi .
Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bifise amazi asukuwe, ivyo bikaba bishobora kuba biterwa n’igipimo c’ibintu vy’ukwaguka bike cane n’igipimo c’ibintu birenze urugero. Iyo hari ibikoresho bimwe bimwe bireremba vy’amabuye y’agaciro bisa n’ibitose, kimwe ni ugutera imyanda idakenewe, iyindi na yo ni uko bigoye kwihweza uko ifi zimeze.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Igitigiri c'ukwaguka guke, coefficient yo kwagura
Uburemere bw’ibintu ni bwinshi cane. Guhindura iyo formule, ugabanye uburemere bw’ibintu vy’agaciro, kandi wongere umubare w’ukwaguka.
Ibirimwo gluten bike mu bikoresho Guhindura formule kugira ngo wongereko gluten n'ibirimwo
Iyo ivyo bintu biva mu gitereko, ubukonje burake cane canke burarengeye cane. Guhindura ubukonje bw’ibintu mu gihe c’isohoka ry’ikibumbano kugira ngo bibe vyiza.
Igitigiri c'imyobo y'urupfu nyinshi Usubirize igibumbano maze ukoreshe igikoresho gifise igipimo c'ugufungura neza
Ibirimwo ivyuma vy’imisemburo ni bike cane. Guhindura formule maze wongeremwo ibirimwo.
Ubushuhe burato cane iyo igitereko kirekuwe. Guhindura ubushuhe mu gihe c’igitereko kugira ngo bibe vyiza.
9, ama granules ni manini kandi ni manini
Ivyo bifungurwa vy’ibifungurwa ni binini cane kandi bito, bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku kuntu ivyo bifungurwa bisa, bikaba bimutuma bimota neza, bigatuma igipimo co gutera ivyatsi kigabanuka kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo gutera.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Umuvuduko w’ugucapura buragenda buhoro cane, ugabanya igitigiri c’imirongo y’ugukata no kwongera umuvuduko w’igikoresho co guca.
Guhindura ata co bimaze guhindura igikoresho co gucapura, ntigikomeye cane
Uburebure bwiza bw’ico gikoresho burareha. Subirizaho ububi.
10, ivyo bihimba bikora igicapo c’ibice bibiri .
Ivyo ni ko biri kenshi n’igipande c’amazi gifise imice ibiri, ibipfukisho vy’ibifungurwa bitaringaniye, n’igipimo c’amazi kitagira akamaro. Ivyo bita granules bitari vyo ntibigira ico bikoze gusa ku kuntu ivyo kurya bisa n’uko bimeze, ariko kandi biratera ifu y’ibifungurwa vyinshi kandi bikagira ico bikoze ku vyo bishobora gutera.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Ububare bw’amazi burake cane ku buryo butashobora gutuma ubukonje buri muri ivyo bikoresho burekurwa .
Guhindura amazi n'umuriro bidashoboka Guhindura igipimo c'amazi n'umwotsi kugira ngo bibe vyiza
Igishushanyo c'ububi ntasubira inyuma
Igitigiri c'ukwaguka, igipimo co kwagura
11, ibice bifise umurizo
Ivyo bipimo bifise imirizo kubera imvo zitandukanye, cane cane ingorane y’ibikoresho vy’ugucapura. Ivyokurya vy’ibitoke bifise imirizo ntibigira ico bikoze gusa ku kuntu ivyo kurya bisa n’uko bimeze, ariko kandi bikaba bituma umuntu agira ifu nyinshi.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Igikoresho co gucagura ntigihindurwa neza, kandi igipande co gukata ntigifata neza cane ku ruhande rw’igipande kugira ngo kibe hafi y’aho igipande kiri.
Ico gikoko gifise ikinogo co guhingura ikintu canke gusubirira ububiko .
Ivyuma vy’insinga bikomeye cane, ugukomeza gukata kugira ngo wongere ingaruka z’ugusesagura, kugabanya ibirimwo vy’insinga canke vyongerako akayunguruzo imbere y’uko .
Hariho ibisigazwa ku ruhande rw’inyuma, ivyo bikaba bituma iyo nkota isiga ku ruhande rw’urupfu maze igaca ihagarara kugira ngo isukure ibisigazwa biri ku gikoresho co gucapura.
Ico gipfukisho c’urupfu ntikiba gisongoye, kandi igicapo gisimbira ku ruhande rw’urupfu mu gihe c’akazi kugira ngo kivemwo canke gihindure urupfu.
12, uburebure bw'ibice bigendagenda .
Igipande c’ivyo bifungurwa ni coroshe cane gukora inkungugu mu gihe co gutwara. Ivyo bishobora kuba bifitaniye isano n’ukubura ubukonje mu kwaguka, kandi bishobora no kugira ico bikoze ku bubi n’igikoresho co guca mu nzira yo gutunganya. Ntibigira ico bikoze gusa ku kuntu ivyo kurya bisa n’uko bimeze, ariko kandi bituma umuntu agira ifu nyinshi. Ivyongeweko birenze urugero, ivyo bikoresho vyashinzwe biraryoshe cane, biroroshe guhinduka, muri rusangi bikwiye kwongerwako 25 gushika kuri 30% vy’ubukonje. Gusesa amaraso ku ruhande na vyo nyene biragira ico bikoze ku bijanye n’ukuntu amazi ashobora guhangana n’ivyo kurya. Abarimyi barakekeranya ku bijanye n’uburyo bw’ibintu.
Impamvu yo gutera imbere
Guhindura ata co bimaze kw'umucamanza
Ibara ry’umucamanza ntirisongoye. Subiriza umuti utyaye.
Iyo ivyo bihimba biri mu gitereko, ubukonje burake cane, kandi ubukonje buri muri ivyo bintu iyo igihimba c’umubiri gisohotse kirushirije.
Ico kibumbano ntigishobora gusubirira igikoko
Icumi ritanga amakuru ku gusohoka kw'urupfu, gukata canke gusubirira ububiko .
Ubushuhe bw’ivyo bihimba burarengeye cane iyo igitereko kirekuwe .